An on-chip localized surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor for label-free monitoring of antigen–antibody reaction

The unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of gold nanoparticles has been used to design a label-free biosensor in a chip format. In this research, a sensitive and low-cost microfluidic integrated LSPR-based biosensor is developed. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized in solution and immobilized on quartz substrates by a silane layer as molecular glue. The gold nanoparticle-coated substrate was further integrated with a microfluidic chip. An automated sample introduction system was developed to perform a variety of processes including sample loading, chip washing and sample change. A refractive index resolution of 1 × 10⁻⁴ RIU (refractive index unit) was demonstrated by using the on-chip biosensor combined with the automated sampling system. This developed microfluidic integrated system is capable of transporting a specific amount of bio-samples into the sensing chambers to achieve sensitive and specific biosensing with decreased reaction time and less reagent consuming. Proof-of-concept detection of antigen/antibody (biotin/anti-biotin) binding was performed and was quantitatively detected.     

A high-performance VHDL-based virtual tester: a concept and a solution

Virtual test (VT) is a powerful technique to cut the time-to-market especially for SoC products. VT allows debugging mixed-signal test programs in a simulation environment if a fast and sufficiently accurate chip model can be made available several weeks before first silicon. VHDL behavioural models were found to cover both the needs of designers for sign-off simulation on chip level and of test engineers for VT. This paper presents a high-performance VT solution based on pure VHDL modelling of the hardware involved, a VHDL-based virtual tester concept and a snapshot test data extractor linking the test program to a simulator.     

A new criterion for the prediction of crack development in multiaxially loaded structures

In many cases the lifetime of technical structures and components is depending on the behaviour of cracks. Due to the complex geometry and loading situation in real-world structures cracks are often subjected to a superposition of normal, in-plane and out-of-plane loading. In this paper a new criterion for 3D crack growth under multiaxial loading, that means superposition of the fracture modes Mode I, II and III, is described. The criterion allows the prediction of three-dimensional crack surfaces advancing from arbitrary 3D crack fronts with the help of the two deflection angles ₀ and ₀. The underlying theory for the development of this new criterion is described in detail.     

Characterization and laser performance of a new material: 2 at. % Nd:YAG grown by the Czochralski method

We report on the optical quality and laser performance of Czochralski-grown 2-at. %-doped Nd:YAG. Using a diode pumped laser in an end pumped configuration, we compare the laser performance of this material with the performance of 1-at. %-doped Nd:YAG and 0.7-at. %-doped Nd:YVO4 crystals. Experimental results show the superior performance of 2-at. % Nd:YAG over Nd:YVO4. With a pump power of 25.7 W, a maximum output power of 12.3 W with a slope efficiency of 57% and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 48% were achieved.     

Die Patentlösung gibt es nicht!

Alpha Versionen sind Lehrbücher, Gesetze, Produkthochglanzprospekte, Aktienneuemissionsanzeigen, Regierungserklärungen. Dahinter ist das Reale. Hinter den Lehrbüchern die vorlesende Forscherpersönlichkeit, hinter demProspekt der Rat des erfahrenen Fachverkäufers. Alpha Versionenmeiden Urteile, Meinungen und Leidenschaftlichkeit. Diese Kolumne ist kompromißlos beta.     

Spatial Filtering of Noninvasive Multielectrode EMG: Part I?Introduction to Measuring Technique and Applications

Complementary to its conventional applications, surface EMG is also suited to gain more detailed information on the functional state of a muscle, when measurement configurations with smaller pickup areas are used. A new category of suitable measurement configurations is obtained by application of the spatial filtering principle to electromyography. In a spatial filter unit, the signals of several recording electrodes are combined to form one output signal channel. The filter characteristic is determined by the weighting factors used and by the geometrical arrangement of the electrodes. Extended multielectrode arrays and multichannel recording make possible the detection of correlated excitations at different sites of the muscle. Even in high levels of muscle contraction, single motor unit impulses that are suitably shaped by filtering can be repeatedly recognized in the surface EMG signal. In clinical studies, pathologically shaped impulses have been identified indicating multiple innervation zones. The initiation and the propagation of excitation within single motor units can be detected with improved accuracy even from very small muscles.     

KNbO_3光参量振荡器及其在DAN晶体光纤中的混频

本文报导了用Nd:YAG倍频激光泵浦的KNbO_3单谐光参量振荡器。获得了0.93-1.24μm的调谐输出,转换效率为10％。用它泵浦一根10μm粗、5mm长的DAN光纤,可同时发生倍频及和频过程,非线性混频的效率达2％。     

Enhanced vision for adverse weather aircraft landing

Landing in poor weather is a crucial problem for the air transportation system of the future. To aid the pilots for these conditions several solutions have been suggested and/or implemented including instrument landing system(ILS) and microwave landing system(MLS) that put the responsibility of the landing to a large extent in the hands of the airport facilities. These systems even though useful are not available due to their high costs except in few major metropolitan airports. This shortcoming has generated interest in providing all weather capabilities not on the landing facility but on the vehicle itself. The Synthetic Vision System Technology Demonstration sponsored by the United States Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and the US Air Force represents an effort to respond to the above needs[1,2]. In this paper we present a summary of a typical synthetic vision system. This system consists of a scanning 35GHz radar a scanning antenna, a signal/image processor and a head up display(HUD). The pilot is presented a final perspective image of the scene sensed by the radar with associated flight guidance symbology. This systems is implemented in real time hardware and has been under going tower and flight testing under a variety of weather conditions since early 1992.